executive function: physical exercise
Often when children and adolescents struggle behaviorally it is our instinct to “take away” recess or sports as a form of punishment. However, science says quite the opposite. Physical activity in young people is not only beneficial for their physical health by promoting healthy exercise habits but it is necessary to their cognitive function, mental and emotional regulation and social interaction.
Physical activity in children and adolescents is essential to brain function because it increases blood flow to the brain. While performing physical activity, the human brain releases endorphins, reducing anxiety, which in turn helps with concentration and focus. The release of endorphins produces a calming effect. This helps with personal regulation in the classroom setting. The release of endorphins also helps to regulate mood and manage stress. This is essential to young people who are learning to regulate their emotions, control anxiety and focus.
Physical exercise greatly aids in executive functioning. Executive function-EF- is housed mostly in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. It is the control center of the brain that regulates one's ability to: plan, focus, multi-task and recall instructions.
Executive function has three main components:
Working memory: The ability to hold information and recall it for short periods of time. This is useful when following multi step instructions or solving problems.
Cognitive Flexibility: This is the ability to switch between different tasks or modes of thinking. This allows the person to adapt to changing environments and adapt to different ways of thinking.
Inhibitory Control: This is the brain's ability to filter out distractions and control impulsivity. This is essential to staying focused and making positive decisions.
Physical exercise gives an immediate brain boost by increasing blood flow, releasing oxygen-rich blood into the brain helping the brain perform at its best. It also releases a cocktail of beneficial chemicals into the brain: dopamine (focus, motivation), Norepinephrine (alertness), Serotonin (mood regulation), Endorphins (improves mood and reduces stress). Physical activity is an important part of human life. Keeping our body moving is one of the best things you can do to keep your mind sharp and focused.
—Lisa McKenzie, FSKC Lead Guide